RFI bivuga ingufu za electromagnetique idakenewe mugihe cyumurongo iyo ikozwe mumatumanaho ya radio.Ikirangantego cyumurongo wikintu kiri hagati ya 10kHz kugeza 30MHz;umurongo wa radiyo yibintu biri hagati ya 30MHz na 1GHz.
Hariho impamvu zibiri zituma RFI igomba gutekerezwa: (1) Ibicuruzwa byabo bigomba gukora mubisanzwe aho bakorera, ariko aho bakorera akenshi biherekejwe na RFI ikomeye.(2) Ibicuruzwa byabo ntibishobora gukwirakwiza RFI kugirango barebe ko bitabangamira itumanaho rya RF rifite akamaro kanini ku buzima n’umutekano.Itegeko ryashyizeho uburyo bwitumanaho rya RFI ryizewe kugirango RFI igenzure ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
RFI yanduzwa nimirasire (electromagnetic waves mumwanya wubusa) kandi ikanyuzwa kumurongo wibimenyetso na sisitemu ya AC.
Imirasire - imwe mu nkomoko yingenzi yimirasire ya RFI ivuye mubikoresho bya elegitoronike ni umurongo w'amashanyarazi.Kuberako uburebure bwumurongo wa AC bugera kuri 1/4 cyuburebure bujyanye nibikoresho bya digitale hamwe nogutanga amashanyarazi, ibi bigize antenne ikora neza.
Imyitwarire - RFI ikorwa muburyo bubiri kuri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi.Filime isanzwe (asimmetric) RFI iboneka munzira ebyiri: kumurongo wumurongo (LG) nubutaka butabogamye (NG), mugihe uburyo butandukanye (symmetric) RFI bugaragara kumurongo utabogamye (LN) muburyo bwa voltage.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryisi muri iki gihe, ingufu n’amashanyarazi menshi kandi menshi.Muri icyo gihe, ingufu z'amashanyarazi nyinshi kandi nkeya zikoreshwa mu guhererekanya amakuru no kuyitunganya, ku buryo itanga imbaraga nyinshi ndetse no kuvanga urusaku byangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Akayunguruzo k'umurongo w'amashanyarazi ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuyungurura bukoreshwa mu kugenzura RFI kuva ku gikoresho cya elegitoroniki kugira ngo yinjire (ibikoresho bishobora kuba bitagenda neza) no gusohoka (bishobora kuvanga izindi sisitemu cyangwa itumanaho rya RF).Mugucunga RFI mumashanyarazi, akayunguruzo k'umurongo nako kabuza cyane imirasire ya RFI.
Umurongo wumurongo wumurongo numuyoboro mwinshi umuyoboro utambutse, utunganijwe muburyo bubiri bwo muyunguruzi.Umuyoboro umwe ukoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo kwiyegereza, naho ubundi ni muburyo butandukanye.Umuyoboro utanga ingufu za RF muri "guhagarika bande" (mubisanzwe birenga 10kHz) ya filteri, mugihe ikigezweho (50-60Hz) mubyukuri ntabwo byegeranye.
Nka rezo ya pasiporo kandi byombi, umurongo wumurongo wimbaraga zungurura zifite ibintu bigoye guhinduranya ibintu, biterwa cyane ninkomoko nimbogamizi yimitwaro.Kwiyerekana kuranga muyunguruzi bigaragazwa nagaciro ko guhinduka biranga.Nyamara, mumashanyarazi yumurongo wibidukikije, inkomoko nuburemere bwikibazo ntibizwi.Kubwibyo, hari uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura guhuza akayunguruzo mu nganda: gupima urwego rwa attenuation hamwe na 50 ohm irwanya isoko hamwe nu mutwaro wanyuma.Agaciro gapimwe gasobanurwa nkigihombo cyo kwinjiza (IL) cyo kuyungurura:
I..L.= 10 log * (P (l) (Ref) / P (l))
Hano P (L) (Ref) nimbaraga zahinduwe ziva mumasoko zijya mumuzigo (udafite akayunguruzo);
P (L) nimbaraga zo guhindura nyuma yo gushyiramo akayunguruzo hagati yinkomoko numutwaro.
Igihombo cyo gushiramo nacyo gishobora kugaragara muri voltage ikurikira cyangwa igipimo kiriho:
IL = 20 log * (V (l) (Ref) / V (l)) IL = 20 log * (I (l) (Ref) / I (l))
Hano V (L) (Ref) na I (L) (Ref) nindangagaciro zapimwe nta filteri,
V (L) na I (L) bipimwa indangagaciro hamwe na filteri.
Igihombo cyo gushiramo, gikwiye kwitonderwa, ntabwo cyerekana imikorere ya RFI itangwa na filteri mumashanyarazi.Muburyo bwumurongo wibidukikije, agaciro kagereranijwe kinkomoko hamwe ninzitizi yumutwaro bigomba kugereranywa, kandi imiterere ikwiye yo kuyungurura ihitamo gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango impedance idashoboka kuri buri terminal.Akayunguruzo gashingiye ku mikorere ya terminal impedance, ikaba ishingiro ryigitekerezo cy "umuyoboro udahuye".
Ikizamini cyogutwara gisaba ibidukikije bituje bya RF - igikonoshwa - umuyoboro woguhagarika umurongo, hamwe nigikoresho cya voltage ya RF (nka FM yakira cyangwa isesengura rya spekure).Ibidukikije bya RF bigomba kuba byibuze munsi yikigero cya 20dB gisabwa kugirango ubone ibisubizo byikizamini.Umuyoboro uhuza umurongo (LISN) urakenewe kugirango hashyizweho inkomoko yifuzwa yo kwinjiza umurongo w'amashanyarazi, kikaba ari igice cyingenzi muri gahunda y'ibizamini kuko impedance igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye urwego rw'imirasire yapimwe.Mubyongeyeho, gupima umurongo mugari wa nyirarureshwa nabwo ni ikintu cyingenzi cyibizamini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-30-2021
